![]() Despite the fact that hallucinations are present in the clinical criteria of various disorders (e.g. However, this definition is somewhat restrictive for schizophrenia, as it is weak in terms of phenomenological aspects and specifically focused on auditory experiences. Hallucinations may be a normal part of religious experience in certain cultural contexts” (Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders section, p 87–88) 1. The hallucinations must occur in the context of a clear sensorium those that occur while falling asleep (hypnagogic) or waking up (hypnopompic) are considered to be within the range of normal experience. Auditory hallucinations are usually experienced as voices, whether familiar or unfamiliar, that are perceived as distinct from the individual’s own thoughts. They may occur in any sensory modality, but auditory hallucinations are the most common in schizophrenia and related disorders. They are vivid and clear, with the full force and impact of normal perceptions, and not under voluntary control. Hallucinations have been defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) 1 as: “ perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus. A broader view including widespread characteristics and interdisciplinary works must be encouraged to better understand the complexity of the process involved in hallucinations. The repercussion index summing characteristics of each hallucination (frequency, duration, negative aspects, conviction, impact, control and sound intensity) was always higher for schizophrenia. The combination of auditory and visual hallucinations was the most frequent for both Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. The guardian angel item, usually not explored in schizophrenia, was described by 46% of these patients. Auditory, olfactory/gustatory and cœnesthetic hallucinations were more frequent in schizophrenia than visual hallucinations. Each hallucinatory sensory modality significantly differed between Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia patients. The main objective is to describe the phenomena of these clinical symptoms in those two specific populations. Our study aims to explore the phenomenology of hallucinations in both hallucinating schizophrenia patients and Parkinson’s disease patients using the Psycho-Sensory hAllucinations Scale (PSAS). In Parkinson’s disease, the descriptions of hallucination modalities are sparse, but the hallucinations do tend to have less negative consequences. In schizophrenia patients, hallucinations are hallmark symptoms and auditory ones are described as the more frequent. These are the regions of the brain involved with language, memory and emotional responses.Hallucinations have been described in various clinical populations, but they are neither disorder nor disease specific. The reasons for AVH are unclear but scientists think it has to do with a disfunction among the frontotemporal regions of the brain. In fact, it's not uncommon for grieving people to hear the voices of recently departed loved ones. AVH is actually more common than most people realize, and isn't always associated with mental or other illness. Those with bipolar disorder, some types of dementia, epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abusers are also at risk. ![]() But AVH doesn't only affect these patients. Seventy percent of people with schizophrenia report having AVH phenomenon. Sometimes, the "voices" issue commands, but other times it's just a constant commentary, often described as a "radio station in my head." Such voices can run the gamut from positive to negative and everywhere in between. People who hear sounds, such as voices, that aren't actually there are dealing with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). ![]()
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